Using english to Classify matter

The composition of matter in chemistry

Each material consists of small grains or particles. Particles are the smallest part of matter that still has the same properties with the material.

Basic postulates of Dalton's atomic theory:

1. Any material consists of particles called atoms.

2. The element is composed of similar material atoms.

3. Atoms of an element are identical but different from the atoms of other elements.

4. The compound is a material consisting of two or more kinds of atoms with a fixed ratio.

5. Atoms can not be destroyed or created and can not be converted to another atom through a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions are rearrangement of atoms.

Objects that are frequently encountered in everyday life such as television, telephone, computer, and also watches everything including material. The atom is the basic constituents of matter that is invisible to our eyes. In every atom nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons cedar. Atomic nucleus surrounded by electrons speeding.

   1.  ATOM is the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of elements. The smallest part of a compound which still has the properties of compounds called molecules or ions. Molecule is a combination of two or more atoms (either similar or different types) are neutral. If an aggregate of atoms of the same type as it is called Molecular Elements, for example: O2, H2, O3, S8. If an aggregate of atoms of different elements kind then called Molecule Compounds, for example: H2O, CO2, C2H5

          2. ELEMENTS is a particle that could be the atomic / molecular elements. The elements of the particles in the form of atoms, that means that it can stand alone or simply contains one atom, the writing written with the chemical symbol, such as C (carbon), He (Helium). When the particle form of the molecule it means that these elements formed from a combination of atoms the same type, he can not stand on its own, the elements are written with a chemical symbol is accompanied by the number of constituent atoms. For example: O2, H2. Thus the oxygen element is never written only the letter O alone, but added the number 2 as meaning that the element is formed of two atoms of oxygen.

 NATURE ELEMENT

 Until now it has known no less than 114 kinds of elements consisting of 92 elements of natural and artificial elements 22. By its nature, the elements can be classified into metals, non-metals and metal elements. Examples of the metal elements of which are iron, zinc, and copper. Examples of non-metals of which are carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Silicon and germanium classified as metal. Try to look for some examples of the metallic element, the element of nonmetal and metal elements! How the properties of metals and non-metals? Try it you observe the nature of iron! How to form iron? Solid, liquid, or gas? How violent nature, hard or soft? Can iron conduct electricity or heat? Whether the metal can be hammered into thin? Whether iron can be made into a wire? How did the nature of the non-metallic elements? Sulfur, classified as non-metallic elements. Try to find examples of other non-metallic elements! Then compare the nature.

  HISTORY OF MOLECULAR

Although the existence of molecules have been accepted by many chemists since the beginning of the 19th century, there is some disagreement among physicists such as Mach, Boltzmann, Maxwell, and Gibbs, who saw molecules merely as a mathematical conception. Perrin works on Brownian motion (1911) is regarded as the final convincing evidence of the existence of the molecules scientists The earliest definitions defined molecules as the smallest particles of chemicals that still retains its composition and chemical properties This definition is often not applicable because many resource materials such as rocks, salt, and metals are composed of networks of atoms and ions that are bound chemically and not composed of discrete molecules

 3. MOLECULE

The smallest particle of a compound composed of two or more atoms, generally composed of different atoms, but some molecules are composed of the same atoms.

à The molecules are composed of the same atoms called molecules of elements (elements of diatomic and polyatomic)

à molecule consisting of different atoms called molecules of compounds

examples of compound molecules.

  Each one water molecule composed of one atom of oxygen and two hydrogen atoms

Figure 2 shows the oxygen molecules and water molecules

Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent (ex, bound by hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds) is generally not regarded as a single molecule

4.      COMPOUND is a combination of two or more elements through a chemical reaction so that a new substance that has different properties from the elements constituent. The compound can be found easily in our daily lives, for example, only one

Compounds most frequently encountered are water (H2O), which is a combination of elements of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

The Cirri characteristics of the compound are as follows:

The characteristics of compound:

1.composed of two or more elements through chemical reactions.

2. The compounds have different properties from their constituent elements.

3. Can be decomposed into constituent elements only by ordinary chemical reaction.

4. Comparison of the mass of constituent elements always remain.

5. Can be described chemically, but not physically.

               NATURE OF COMPOUNDS

Whether water can be broken down into simpler substances that again? Yes, you can try it out by means of electrolysis of water. Water forming elements are oxygen and hydrogen. So, water is composed of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are joined through a chemical reaction. Water with the chemical formula H2O, have different properties with its constituent elements, namely in the form of H2 and O2 gases. Water can be broken down into its constituent elements, so-called

compound. The hydrogen and oxygen are called elements. Thus, the compound is a substance formed from the elements with a certain ratio and fixed through a chemical reaction. Thus, the nature of the compound is not equal to the nature of its constituent elements. The compound can be separated into the elements or into simpler compounds through chemical reactions.

Within each compound constituent elements have a fixed mass ratio and specific. For example,

a. Water (H2O), the ratio of the mass of its constituent elements, namely

Hydrogen: Oxygen is 1: 8

b. Sugar (C12 H22 O11), the ratio of the mass of constituent elements

namely Carbon: Oxygen: Hydrogen is 72: 88: 11

c. Ethanol (C2 H5OH), the ratio of the mass of constituent elements

namely Carbon: Oxygen: Hydrogen is 12: 8: 3

5.      MIX is a combination of two or more types of substances. The mixture has different properties to the compound. In a mixture of component properties are not lost. When the salt is dissolved in water, the substance was not compounded, but mixed

The taste of salt before and after mixed remain salty, so does the water. Water before and after mixed mixed still be able to extinguish the fire. Then also the salt with water can be mixed in various compositions as desired. Not so with compounding. The compound has a specific composition. Water as an example, is composed of hydrogen and oxygen with the atomic ratio of 2: 1, we can state that fused to form new substances (lasting chemically), while mixed not form new substances

MIXED PROPERTIES

Try you pick up a handful of soil! Pay special attention to what is found in a handful of soil again? is

No sand, plastic, wood, and gravel?

Land classified in the mixture, the mixture

a wide range of elements and compounds. The original properties of substances forming

the mixture is still visible, so that the components of the mixture

can be identified and can be separated again. Comparison

constituent substances do not necessarily like the compound.

There are two kinds of mixtures,  a homogeneous mixture and mix heterogeneous.

a. Homogeneous mix

Observe carefully syrup glass of water. Whether clear or cloudy? Does sugar or syrup can be mixed? When the syrup clear water and mixed evenly, can be classified as a homogeneous mixture. This homogeneous mixture is commonly called a solution. In solution, each part of the same structure. So in the solution of the syrup are two constituent solution, namely water and sugar. Air-called solvent, while sugar is called the solute. Examples of other homogeneous mixture is soft drinks (soft drinks) and floor cleaning solution.

b. Heterogeneous mix

Observe glass of water mixed with sand. What lies at the bottom of the glass? What is floating? Does the color of the crystal clear water? Is it a mixture of sand and water evenly? If

constituent substances mixed unevenly and this mixture each part is not the same structure, it is called a heterogeneous mix (please see Figure 3.8). Another example is a heterogeneous mixture of coffee water (liquid form) and a mixture of flour with

water (solid form).